Why in news?

Representatives from major opposition parties demanded that 50% of Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) results be matched with VVPAT in Lok Sabha Elections.

What is a VVPAT?

• Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) is a printed slip that contains a candidate's serial number, name of the candidate and the corresponding symbol.
• When a voter presses the button on the EVM against the chosen candidate, a printed slip is displayed for 7 seconds in the VVPAT machine.
• It is then automatically cut and delivered to a sealed ballot compartment.

What are the demands and proposals?

• The parties cited that there were reports of mismatch between votes polled and votes counted (as per the ECI records) in Madhya Pradesh and Telangana.
• The Election Commission (EC) was thus approached to ensure that 50% EVM results are crosschecked and matched with VVPATs.
• Currently, VVPAT slips are counted in one randomly selected booth of each constituency.
• It is now demanded that mandatory counting of paper trail from VVPAT should be carried out in each polling station in certain constituencies.
• This is in case if after counting from the EVM, it is found that there is a difference of less than 5% between votes cast in favour of the winning candidate and votes cast in favour of second position securing candidate.
• If there was any difference in counting of votes between EVM and VVPAT, the result in counting from VVPAT would prevail.
• The commission assured the political parties that issues raised by them would be deliberated and examined upon.

Is it a welcome proposal?

• Despite the concerns with EVMs, returning to paper ballots will be a regressive step.
• Moreover, the Electronic Voting Machine process is a major improvement over paper-based voting.
• There has been no evidence of EVM-tampering as claimed by some parties.
• The administrative and technical safeguards instituted by the ECI and EVM manufacturers have been held credible.
• Despite this, the ECI had fast-tracked the implementation of the VVPAT, an adjunct to the EVM.
• So the demand is largely welcome, but there are other simpler methods than a polling station-wise verification.

What could be done?

• A scientifically and randomly chosen sample of booths is a reasonable enough verification process, instead of the opposition's proposal.
• A robust sampling technique can be adopted, involving the counting of more than a single booth.
• It should factor in the average size of the electorate in any constituency and voter turnout.
• The issue of machine glitches in the VVPAT system should also be addressed.
• Glitches in the VVPAT machines are largely due to winding issues in the print unit, which are sensitive to extreme weather.
• Some hardware-related changes could help here to improve its functioning.

Source: The Hindu