Benefits of Migration’s for Home Country

Why in news?

According to official sources global labour migration particularly in high-skilled jobs has escalated.

What is migration?

Migration is the movement of a person or a group of people, to settle in another place, often across a political or administrative boundary.
It can be temporal or permanent, and it may be voluntary or forced.
There are two important terms that relate to migration:

Immigration -Immigration is when people move from other places into a place to settle, such migrants are called immigrants, to simply put people coming in from elsewhere.
Emigration -Emigration is when people move out to new places, and the migrants involved are called emigrants, to simply put people leaving their home country.

What is the status of global migration?

The number of migrants with a tertiary degree increased nearly 130% between 1990 and 2010.
Migrants of other education levels doubled, and low-skilled (primary educated) migration grew 40%.
Digital labour markets and internet-based platforms that connect workers worldwide have also grown.
More than half of the high-skilled technology workers and entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley are foreign-born.
Prominent firms with immigrant chief executive officers have included Google, Microsoft and Pfizer.
Most high-skilled migrants have come from China and India, and the receiving countries have included the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.

What are the benefits of migration for the home country?

Migration and resultant diaspora connections can be very important sources of brain gain as sending countries gain access to technical information.
Impact of immigration on knowledge spillover to the countries of immigrants’ origin has been shown for scientific publications and inventions.
The availability of information and communication technologies, and easier access to the internet and smartphones, help individuals become facilitators of knowledge.
Beyond knowledge diffusion, skilled migrants serve as effective conduits for many forms of global exchange in a networked world such as Investments, technology, and cultural norms.

What is the status of Indian Diasporas contribution?

Indian Migration has promoted global diaspora networks, human capital investment, circular migration, and the transfer of technology.
Many data support that the Indian diaspora has facilitated the outsourcing of jobs to India.
Diaspora-based contracts mainly served to lower costs for the company contacts outsourcing the work, as the developers in India are paid about the market wage for their work.

What measures India needs to take to utilize its diaspora?

Immigrants arriving from their origin countries might be better at expressing knowledge in a way that is more easily absorbed in their former homeland.
These factors suggest that the amount of knowledge disseminated due to immigration could go far beyond formal scientific knowledge.
In this process, India need to understand that the mobility of skilled workers has become critical to enhancing productivity and economic growth.
This can enable policymakers to better integrate immigration in both origin and destination countries.
Thus improved people allocation can be as powerful as global trade in goods, and financial allocation.

Source: Live Mint