Explanation

• Immune imprinting is a tendency of the body to repeat its immune response based on the first variant it encountered - when it comes across a newer or slightly different variant of the same pathogen.
• Immune imprinting can occur through infection or vaccination.
• It was first observed in 1947, when “people who had previously had flu, and were then vaccinated against the current circulating strain, produced antibodies against the first strain they had encountered.
• At the time, this phenomenon was termed the ‘original antigenic sin’ but today, it’s commonly known as imprinting.
• Imprinting acts as a database for the immune system, helping it put up a better response to repeat infections.

Explanation

• Banjaras - Karnataka
• Kunduvadiyan - Kerala
• Chopan - Jammu & Kashmir
• Shompens - Andaman and Nicobar islands

Explanation

• LPG is propane and butane vs LNG which is methane.
• LNG is natural gas cryogenically reduced to a liquid state through intense cooling to around -161 degrees Celsius (-259 Fahrenheit).
• Natural gas is cryogenically turned to LNG, while LPG is liquefied through pressurization.
• LNG emits about twice as much greenhouse gas as ordinary natural gas.
• LNG is 600 times smaller than the original volume and is half the weight of water.
• LNG is a better option than CNG for heavy trucks traveling long distances. Since large volumes of LNG can be stored using the same capacity tank, it gives a much better drive range suitable for long haul.
• India has a target of a 15% share for natural gas in India’s total energy mix by 2030. For this, the government will invest around 60 billion USD in creating gas infrastructure in the country till 2024.

Explanation

• The Union budget is a statement of financial position for a future period, setting out proposed expenditure and means of financing it.
• Any budget essentially provides three big details - total receipts, total expenditure and fiscal deficit.
• The annual financial statement is divided into three parts, consolidated fund, contingency fund and public account.
• As the size of the Union Budget increases, the higher government expenditure will push the economy forward.
• Budget and budgeting are narrower concepts whereas budgetary control is a wider concept.

Explanation

• India had set a target to eliminate measles and rubella (MR) by 2023.
• While measles has a high fatality rate, rubella infection in a pregnant woman will have an impact on the foetus, resulting in birth defects.
• Both measles and rubella are viral infections.