Analyse the strategies followed by India since the cease fire agreement (CFA) of 2003 came in to existence to deal with violence on the Jammu & Kashmir border and discuss its costs and benefits. (200 words)
Refer – The Hindu
Enrich the answer from other sources, if the question demands.
IAS Parliament 6 years
KEY POINTS
· Global labour mobility, particularly in high-skilled jobs, has escalated.
· For instance, more than half of the high-skilled technology workers and entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley are foreign-born.
· Most high-skilled migrants have come from China and India, and the receiving countries have included the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.
· Traditional wisdom has viewed migration as an exodus of human capital, and a brain drain.
· But, evidence seems to suggest that the migration and resultant Diaspora connections can be of very important sources of brain gain.
Benefits of migration to the home country
· Knowledge spillover – When researchers immigrate to the US, more patents from the US get cited by (refer to) patents from the countries of immigrants’ origin and more scientific papers published in the US cite (refer to) papers from the immigrants’ origin country.
· Sending countries gain access to technical information from their overseas community.
· Global exchange – Beyond knowledge diffusion, skilled migrants serve as effective conduits for many forms of global exchange in a networked world: trade, foreign direct investment, finance, knowledge, technology, entrepreneurship, cultural norms and political views.
· Diaspora and outsourcing – The role played by the Diaspora in outsourcing jobs is enormous and vital to boost their origin countries job market.
· Evidences seem to suggest that the Indian Diaspora has facilitated the outsourcing of jobs to India.
· Apart from that, migration has also promoted
a) global Diaspora networks
b) human capital investment
c) circular migration
d) the transfer of technology
Way forward
· Global integration is generating ever greater returns for matching talent with the right job or opportunity.
· Skilled migrants have made exceptional contributions, propelling the knowledge frontier and spurring economic growth.
· In this process, the mobility of skilled workers has become critical to enhancing productivity and economic growth.
