06/07/2022 - Economy

KEY POINTS

·        The NSO defines a migrant as an individual residing at the ‘present place of enumeration (PoE) that is different from his/her usual place of residence (UPR)’.

·        Categorization of migrant based on gender and level of education reveals interesting results. Female migration is much higher (81.1 per cent) than male (18.8 per cent), the main reason being ‘marriage’.

·        A significant number of migrants had a harrowing time when the first ever lockdown was imposed on March 24, 2020, to restrain the Covid-19 pandemic.

·        The returned migrants are those who moved to their earlier UPR (where they have resided any time in the past) from their last UPR.

·        The main reasons for Covid-induced migration after ‘March 2020’ are loss of job/closure of unit/lack of employment opportunities (19.35 per cent), health (14 per cent), migration of parent/earning member of the family, etc.

·        The Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in rural areas rose to 41.3 per cent in 2020-21 from 35 per cent in 2017-18.

·        On the other side, the urban economy is facing a shortage of skilled and unskilled labour especially in the secondary sector; and the absence of technological development of the secondary sector may hit industrial production.

Please Review !

Reverse migration is a person is who has reversed his  migration from a place where he was migrated in search of livelihoods or for any other productive activities and so on.

Implication of reverse migration on urban india:

* India has more number of illiterate migrants from rural to urban areas in unskilled and skilled informal sectors. It will impact more industries and business entrepreneurs in cities.

* It also puts pressure on the communities and families who are solely depend on the remittances of these migrant workers. 

* Shortage of labour force were witnessed post lockdown period during the pandemic, which results in disrupting economic growth. 

* Delayed in customer services in urban areas, as more people quitted jobs and lost livelihoods and disruptions in supply chains were a cause of concern.

WAY FORWARD:

* There is a need on the part of the state and owners of the enterprises to collectively provide adequate socio economic support to the migrants and provide protection for their livelihood. 

* A comprehensive strategy will work better to properly replace the migrants who lost their jobs and it will also release the pressure on the overburdened rural competition for work.

* Planning for job growth and tapping the full potential of manufacturing sectors would help. 

* NGOs and civil society organizations can together help bridge the knowledge and skills of the migrants to take jobs on semi skilled and skilled sectors. 

Kindly review