Education in Regional Languages

Why in news?

The importance of using mother tongue in the teaching-learning process and creating educational materials has been emphasised in the New Education Policy (NEP) and initiatives like the NIPUN Bharat Mission.

What is a regional language?

Article 29-Protection of interests of minorities- Any section of the citizens having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.

• It is a term used to refer to a language that is spoken by a sizeable number of people but it is not the de facto language of communication in the rest of the country.
• The language is used by people who have a population less than the majority of the state or nation.
• It is not the official language of the country.
• Article 350A- It facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
• It shall be the endeavour of every State and local authority to provide adequate facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups.
• The President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.

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What is the significance of teaching in regional language?

• Language as an identity- In a diverse and culturally rich country like India, language is more than just a means of communication; it is the essence of our identity.
• Crucial skills- The foundational years of education lay the cornerstone for a child’s future intellectual growth.
•  It is imperative that children acquire and enhance their Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) skills, and language should not hinder the development of these crucial skills.

Neuroscientific research reveals that more than 85% of a person’s brain development takes place before the age of 6.

• Fosters inclusivity- It makes Right to Education under Article 21A a ‘substantive right’.
• By offering education in regional languages, it breaks down language barriers, making education accessible to a wider audience and ensuring that no child feels left behind.
• Preserve linguistic heritage- Embracing regional languages in education helps preserve India’s linguistic heritage.

India has over 22 officially recognised languages and hundreds of dialects, each with its own unique cultural and historical significance.

• Enhance language proficiency- Research suggests that multilingual individuals tend to have stronger communication skills, greater adaptability, and improved cognitive abilities.
• Build an equitable education system - It will ensure unbiased education and will be culturally and academically inclusive with better learning outcomes.
• Incredible learning experience- It allows the students to absorb the knowledge effectively leading to a higher level of optimism among students and boost students self-confidence.

What lies ahead?

• There is a need to implement LEAP — Language Enrichment for Advancing Progress which nurtures multilingualism and provides adequate training and resources to teachers.
• It helps to develop linguistic ability, improve cognitive development, enhance FLN skills, and create a more culturally rich and intellectually stimulating educational environment.

References

1. Business Line- Education in regional language fosters inclusivity.
2. PIB- Schemes to promote education in regional language