• The formal proclamation of the Swadeshi Movement was, made on the 7 August 1905, in meeting held at the Calcutta town hall.
• At the 7 August meeting, the famous Boycott Resolution was passed. On September 1, the Government announced that partition was to be effected on 6 October, 1905.
• The day partition took effect was declared a day of mourning throughout Bengal.
• Chidambaram Pillai took the Swadeshi movement to Madras Presidency.

• Of the four linguistic regions in India, only Karnatak remained largely unaffected by the Non-Cooperation movement as its political awakening would come in the 1930s.

• Borsad Satyagraha in Kheda district organised in 1923-24, was considered as the first really successful Gandhian satyagraha in rural Gujarat.
• It was directed against a poll-tax imposed on every adult in Borsad to pay for police required to suppress a wave of dacoities.
• The movement took the form of total non-payment of the new levy by all the 104 affected villages in December, and the tax had to be cancelled on 7 January 1924.

• With the revival of nationalism in 1927-28, British need to conciliate princes and princely demands for restrictions of Paramountcy became prominent.
• In this setup, Lord Irwin setup a committee under Harcourt Butler to look into the question of Paramountcy over princely states.
• It recommended that the Paramountcy would be exercised by the Viceroy directly, not by the Governor-General in Council.
• It was a clear attempt to remove relations with the princes away from the orbit of a possible Congress-dominated central government and indication for the unity of the country.

• When the Nehru Report opted for Dominion Status, Jawaharlal and Subhas organized the Independence for India League in 1928.
• It was organised as a pressure-group within the Congress to carry on the campaign for acceptance of the goals of complete independence

• Abdul Ghaffar Khan, son of a prosperous village chief of Utmanzai near Peshawar, had started educational and social reform work among his Pathan countrymen from 1912, deriving inspiration successively from the
  1. Deoband Muslim nationalist group,
  2. The Khilafat movement, and
  3. The modernistic reforms of Amir Amanullah (the Afghan king whose progressive and pro-Soviet policies led to his overthrow in 1928)
• He came to be known by 'Badshah Khan' in the mid-1920s.
• He started the first Pushto political monthly Pakhtun in May 1928.
• He organized a volunteer brigade, Khudai Khidmatgar.
• He attended the Lahore Congress, which Ghaffar Khan attended with a large contingent of Pathans, membership of the Khudai Khidmatgar.

• Prati Sarkar or a parallel government was organised in 150 villages of present-day Satara-Sangli region of Maharashtra during the Quit India
  movement.
• The Satara movement was closely related to the peasant-based non-Brahman bahiajan samaj tradition which had been very strong in this region.
• Its activities included the running of people's courts (nyayadan mandals) and constructive work along Gandhian lines apart from carrying on a guerrilla war.
• The prati sarkar took effective measures against local dacoits possibly reflecting the needs of a propertied, though still oppressed peasantry as against lower-class social bandits who had been well established in the hilly parts of Satara.

• All of them were pioneer labour leaders during the early 20th century.

• The Indian National Congress, being a movement and not just a party, included within its fold, individuals and groups which subscribed to widely divergent political and ideological perspectives. Communists, Socialists worked within the Congress as did constitutionalists like Satyamurthy and K.M.Munshi.

The main proposals of the Wavell Plan were as follows.

• With the exception of the governor-general and the commander-in-chief, all members of the executive council were to be Indians.
• Caste Hindus and Muslims were to have equal representation.
• The reconstructed council was to function as an interim government within the framework of the 1935 Act (i.e. not responsible to the Central Assembly).
• Governor - general was to exercise his veto on the advice of ministers.
• Representatives of different parties were, to submit a joint list to the viceroy for nominations to the executive council. If a joint list was not possible, then separate lists were to be submitted.
• Possibilities were to be, kept open for negotiations on a new constitution once the war was finally won.

• In 1914, Annie Besant decided to enlarge the sphere of her activities to include the building of a movement for Home Rule on the lines of the Irish Home Rule League.
• Tilak, set up the Home Rule League at the Bombay Provincial Conference held at Belgaum in April 1916.
• In September 1916, Annie Besant announced the formation of her Home Rule League, with George Arundale, her Theosophical follower, as the Organizing Secretary.
• Tilak promoted the Home Rule campaign with a tour of Maharashtra and through his lectures clarified and popularized the demand for Home Rule.
• He also linked up the question of Swaraj with the demand for the formation of linguistic states and education in the vernacular.
• The membership of Annie Besant’s League increased at a rate slower than that of Tilak’s. Besides her existing Theosophical followers, many others including Jawaharlal Nehru in Allahabad and B. Chakravarti and J. Banerjea in Calcutta joined the Home Rule League.

• February 1943 Gandhi, started a fast as an answer to an exhortation to the Government to condemn violence; the fast was of the state. The popular response to the news of the fast was immediate and overwhelming. Protests were organised at home and abroad through hartals, demonstrations and strikes. Three members of the viceroy's executive council resigned. The fast achieved the following purposes—
  • public morale was raised.
  • anti-British feeling was heightened.
  • an opportunity was provided for political activity.
• Government's high-handedness was exposed. Gandhi got the better of his opponents and refused to oblige by dying.

• By December 1920, when the Congress met for its annual session at Nagpur, it was CR. Das who moved the main resolution on noncooperation.

• In 1897, plague occurred in Poona. Although Tilak supported government measures to check plague, there was large-scale popular resentment against heartless and harsh methods such as segregation and house searches. The popular unrest resulted in murder of the chairman of the Plague Committee in Poona by the Chapekar brothers.
• Two of Tilak’s disciples, the Chapekar brothers - Damodar and Balkrishna, murdered the Plague Commissioner of Poona, Rand, and one Lt. Ayerst in 1897.

• The All-Parties Conference held in February, May and August 1928 finalized a scheme which popularly came to be known as the Nehru Report after Motilal Nehru, its principal author.
• Some of the notable members of this Committee were Motilal Nehru (Chairman), Sir Ali Imam, Tej Bahadur Sapru and Subash Chandra Bose. M.R. Jayakar and Annie Besant joined the Committee later.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed the secretary to the Committee.
• This report defined Dominion Status as the form of government desired by India.
• It also rejected the principle of separate communal electorates on which previous constitutional reforms had been based.
• Seats would be reserved for Muslims at the Centre and in provinces in which they were in a minority, but not in those where they had a numerical majority.
• The Report also recommended universal adult suffrage, equal rights for women, freedom to form unions, and dissociation of the state from religion in any form.

• In April 1915, the first session of the All-India Hindu Mahasabha was held under the Presidentship of the Maharaja of Kasim Bazar.
• In 1928, the Jabalpur Session adopted resolutions calling for conversion of non-Hindus into Hinduism.

• Surya Sen and his associates proclaimed ‘a Provisional Revolutionary Government’

• Sardar ajit Singh was an Indian revolutionary, dissident and nationalist during the time of British rule in India.
• He organized the anti-farmer law agitation (Pagri Sambhal Jatta) on Punjab colonization act 1906 and was exiled to Myanmar's Mandalay jail along with Lala Lajpat Rai.
• He escaped in self-exiled mode to Iran along with Sufi Amba Prasad and returned to India on March 1947 and died on August 15, 1947 at Dalhousie, Punjab on the eve of declaration of independence to India and division of Pakistan and India.

• The composition of Ghadar party were Punjabi immigrants, small and middle peasants and brave soldiers not in service at present. This group was focused on because it was the majority of population of Punjabi men.
• Ghadar party was predominantly Sikh organization formed by Lala Hardayal in San Francisco, USA in 1913 which was first chaired by Sohan Singh Bhakna.
• Prominent women Ghadarites who were no less to their male counterparts in the Ghadar party were Gulab Kaur, Bhikaji Cama and American Agnes Smedley.
• Defence of India act 1915 was an extension of Rowlatt act, which was passed for the reason to suppress revolutionary activities of Ghadar movement, Anushilan Samiti, Yugantar group and other such revolutionaries of India.