August Offer 

• The Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow, issued a statement from Simla on 8 August 1940 known as the August Offer.
• It was an attempt to secure the cooperation of the Indians in WW II.
• Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of England at the time. Some of the provisions of the August Offer were:

1. Dominion status as the objective for India.
2. The number of Indians in the Viceroy’s Executive council will be increased.
3. A representative “Constitution Making Body” shall be appointed immediately after the war.

Wavell Plan

• Lord Wavell joined as Governor-General in October 1943.
• He tried to break the existing deadlock in India therefore it is called as The Breakdown plan.
• It opts for the formation of a new Executive Council at the centre in which all the members except the Viceroy and the Commander in Chief would be Indian.
• All portfolios except Defence were to be under the control of Indian members.
• In the Proposed Executive Council, there would be 14 members, the Muslims who constituted only about 25 % of the total population were given 6 representatives.
• The Congress while objecting the demand asserted its rights to select the representative of any community, including Muslims, as the Congress nominees to the Council.
• Various unreasonable demands were rejected by Congress, the Muslim League did not relent and Wavell dropped the plan.

Individual Satyagraha

• It was a direct result of August Offer, Gandhi was assured that the British would not modify their policy towards India. He decided to launch an Individual Satyagraha.
• Vinobha Bhave was first and Nehru was second to offer Satyagraha, by May 1941, 25000, people had been condemned for Satyagraha.
• Aim of the movement are as follows

1. To show that nationalist patience was not due to weakness.
2. To express people’s feelings that they are not interested in the war and that they are not interested in the battle for supremacy between Nazism and double autocracy that ruled in India.
3. To give another chance to the Government to accept Congress' demands peacefully.
4. The demand of the Satyagrahi was using freedom of speech against the war through an anti-war declaration.
5. If the government did not seize the Satyagrahi, he or she would keep repeating it in the villages and start a march towards Delhi (“Delhi Chalo Movement”).

Utkal Kisan Sangha

• It is formed in 1935, the destiny of the peasants was guided by Congress Socialists.
• It gave a new thrust and offered a new dimension to peasant movement in Orissa.
• H. K. Mahatab was elected as the President and Malati Chowdhary as the Secretary.
• Intensive measures were taken for the proper organisation of the movement.
• Its initial success had a very positive impact on the masses because it weakened the hold of Zamindari.

August Revolution

• The Quit India Movement is also known as the August Revolution was launched after the failure of the Cripps Mission when it failed to solve the constitutional deadlock.
• The resolution was framed by Mahatma Gandhi for British withdrawal and a non-violent non-cooperation movement against any Japanese invasion.
• Gandhiji gave the call “Do or Die” in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan.
• Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the 'Grand Old Lady' of the Independence Movement is known for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement.
• The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist who also served as Mayor of Mumbai.
• Meherally had also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”.