Article 35 A

• Article 35A of the Indian Constitution gave power to Jammu and Kashmir state's Legislature to define parameters on who can be permanent residents of the state and what privileges will be provided to them.
• It was introduced under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution through The Constitution Order, 1954 which was issued by the then President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
• The order was passed as a subsequent to the '1952 Delhi Agreement' which dealt with the extension of Indian citizenship to the subjects of Jammu and Kashmir.
• This agreement was signed in 1952 between the then Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Sheikh Abdullah and Jawaharlal Nehru.

Article 370

• Article 370 consisted of provisions and laws that paved the way for special and autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir.
• The provision of Article 370 was incorporated in Part XXI of the Constitution as Temporary, Transitional.
• Its applicability was projected to last till the formulation and adoption of the State’s constitution.
• It restricted the Parliament’s legislative powers with respect to the state of J&K.
• On the 5th of August 2019, Article 370 and 35A was revoked.
• Now, the citizens of J&K are alike any other citizen of India.
• Directive Principle of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are now implemented in J&K.
• Union Territory of J&K will not have any separate flag.
• Financial Emergency can be extended to the UT without having to receive prior ratification from its assembly.
• RTI (Right to Information) and Right to Education is now applicable in J&K.

Tenth Schedule of Constitution

• The Tenth Schedule was inserted in the Constitution in 1985 by the 52nd Amendment Act.
• It deals with the Anti defection law i.e, provisions as to disqualification on the ground of defection.
• Decision on questions as to disqualification on the ground of detection:-
• If any question arises as to whether a member of a House has become subject to disqualification under this Schedule, the question shall be referred for the decision of the Chairman or, as the case may be, the Speaker of such House and his decision shall be final
• Provided that where the question which has arisen is as to whether the Chairman or the Speaker of a House has become subject to such disqualification, the question shall be referred for the decision of such member of the House as the House may elect in this behalf and his decision shall be final.

Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

• The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution provides a list of all the officially recognized languages in India.
• It is found in Article 344 (1) and 351 of the Constitution
• As of now, there are 22 languages present that are officially recognized by the Indian government.
• Originally, only 14 languages were mentioned and later, after several amendments, the other languages were added.
• Sindhi language was added in the 8th schedule by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967.
• Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992
• Bodo, Dongri, Maithili and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003.

Fifth Schedule of the Constitution

• The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the control and administration of Scheduled Areas and Schedule Tribes except for the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura.
• Sixth Schedule provisions deal with the administration of the Tribal Areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
• While Tribal Advisory Councils are prescribed under the 5th Scheduled, District and Regional Council are prescribed under the 6th Schedule.